Indicators of socio-economic development pdf

This indicator informs about the degree of use of energy from RES in the final consumption of energy in Poland, enabling monitoring of the effects of pursued measures to promote production and consumption of renewable energy across all sectors. Table 5. Coefficient of variation for the economic activity rate X25 , calculated as a percentage of the economically active population of a given category in the total population of a given category, indicates a small disparity in the different Polish regions.

A high level of employment is fundamental to social and economic cohesion. Employment policy should be aimed at creating more jobs, encouraging people to take up employment, improving the adaptability of employees and enterprises, and increasing investment in human capital.

Low economic activity combined with unfavorable demographic changes e. For Lubuskie region, the lowest rate was reported for university graduates per 10, population X26 , which is not conducive to the economic development of the region due to the potential lack of human resources.

Providing human resources for science and technology is the basis for increasing the innovative capacity of a knowledge-based economy. In the case of Lubuskie, this may be due to the fact that there is no academic tradition in the region, while the operating centers have a relatively short history. It is worth noting that this variable showed the most fluctuations across Polish regions. Alarmingly, the disparity between the individual regions only increased in compared to The growing indicator of the average monthly disposable income per capita in households Poland X27 indicates greater consumer opportunities, and indirectly also an improved quality of life.

An increase in this indicator results in the growing diversification of the structure of household expenditures, which is linked with better well-being. Households with low incomes are forced to give up not only meeting higher-order needs such as education, culture, leisure , but often even basic life needs.

Low disposable incomes and wide disparities between regions may lead to marginalization of a part of society, which is why the down ward volatility of this variable in compared to is of significance.

Tabela 6. However, the county has not yet reached the level of development that would enable effective implementation of the principles of sustainable development. Unsatisfactory results of activity are also observed in other areas. From a practical point of view, any economic activity that limits the energy and material consumption of industry and raw materials processing is also important, facilitating optimal spatial management, capped development of communication infrastructure and reduction of industrial risks.

The analysis of the indicators reveals significant disproportions in the level of economic development of the Polish regions in the discussed are a reflecting economic development in the context of the progress in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development.

Such disparities are observed both in terms of time and space, and they are very often a byproduct of economic, spatial and social differences related to the specificity of individual regions.

Uneven development of individual regions is a natural phenomenon occurring in every country. The conducted research shows that Poland still reports significant disproportions in regional development.

Having said that, it should be noted that in , compared to , improvement was reported in many indicators characterizing Lubuskie region, allowing the region to increasingly mark its presence on the map of Poland. Studia Ekonomiczne, nr 1 Borys, T.

Borys ed. Problemy ekorozwoju, 6 2 , Brutland, G. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28 2 , Barska, A. The concept of sustainable regional development — institutional aspects, policies and prospects.

Journal of International Studies, 10 1 , Regional development based on environmental competitive advantages—a comparative analysis of Polish voivodships. Comparative Economic Research, 16 2 , Kosmalski, R. Laurencio Calas, P. Economic fundament towards sustainable development in the Mining Region. Leibenath, M. Cross-border governance and sustainable spatial development.

Berlin, Germany: Springer, Security challenges in the regional policy of the Lower Silesian Voivodship. In: Finan- cial aspect of the challenges of regional policy in the new programming period, ed.

Folia Oeconomica, , Matuszczak, A. Matysiak, A. Studia Ekonomiczne, , Poczta-Wajda, A. Progress in Economic Sciences, 4. Raszkowski, A. Towards sustainable regional development: economy, society, environment, good governance based on the example of Polish regions. Econ, 17, Roszkowska, E.

Only Sri Lanka and Maldives have good position on this indicator. Other countries have moderate level of performance but poor in Afghanistan. By the table below, it is also observed that there is large difference between male and female. Female performance in adult literacy rate is very poor. Country Total Male Female Afghanistan When these people enter into secondary, enrolment decreases very largely but when they enter into tertiary level, it falls tremendously that we can see by table below.

But school life expectancy indicates how much you would spend on schooling. School life expectancy is lower in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in comparison with other South Asian countries.

All other countries are nearly same in school life expectancy. Many scholars think only economic indicators are development indicators.

Whatever they think, some economic indicators are discussed below. Then Bhutan is in the second position. Besides this, all countries GDP is growing but Maldives has very low. As it is already developed for many years. But male and female ratio is very high. A limited number of female are employed in this region. On the other hand, female employees are also very low in comparison with their male counterparts.

In the world, south asia is one of the highest unemployed region. Here also female are more unemployed. It is common. But poverty is very much higher than that any other criteria. It is very low in Sri Lanka which is 8.

It would be noted that India is the highest poverty prone country of the world. Poverty 40 36 30 In Maldives, where per capita Co2 is high. Now India is growing economy, that is to say they are producing or beginning to produce more Co2. Country Co2 per capita Afghanistan. By this indicators, Bangladesh is worst living country of the world.

Except Bhutan, in each country it is not suitable for living well. Corruption is the hiders in everything. It is the core obstacle of development. In the table, there are country wise score which indicates that the more number, the less corruption.

Here, Afghanistan is most corrupted country of south Asia. Then Bangladesh and Pakistan is the second and the third. Except Bhutan and Maldives, every country is highly corrupted. To develop, prevention of corruption is most important.

As these transitions begin, life expectancy tended to increase from With the time series, the life expectancy at birth has been increased at 77 years and it still increasing. Maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality ratio is high and low respectively in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.

Adult mortality is high in Afghanistan as well. Sri Lanka has the highest performance in declining all kinds of mortality which is observed by table 4 but Maldives. From then Health Transition we have come to know that with the fertility decline, mortality declined and from there infectious diseases got gradually replaced by Chronic, Non-severe and Non-communicable diseases. Here Non-communicable disease rate was In Bangladesh the Communicable disease rate was In the other countries like India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan the Communicable disease rate was accordingly A sanitation system produces many diseases alone.

Sanitation system, except Sri Lanka and Maldives are poor in all other south Asian region. Not only the national low performance but also a large urban rural difference exists in these region. In Bangladesh and Afghanistan electricity are not covered too well rather very poor. Other countries have slightly higher electricity coverage though not very high.

Country Internet Electricity user rate Afghanistan 5. India would be 2nd largest in number but proportionately very low. Similarly, Bangladesh would be under 10 but rate is very low. No doubt on it. Without education, no development is possible. Education would have many indicators is discussed below. Only Sri Lanka and Maldives have good position on this indicator. Other countries have moderate level of performance but poor in Afghanistan.

By the table below, it is also observed that there is large difference between male and female. Female performance in adult literacy rate is very poor. Country Total Male Female Afghanistan When these people enter into secondary, enrolment decreases very largely but when they enter into tertiary level, it falls tremendously that we can see by table below.

But school life expectancy indicates how much you would spend on schooling. School life expectancy is lower in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in comparison with other South Asian countries.

All other countries are nearly same in school life expectancy. Many scholars think only economic indicators are development indicators. Whatever they think, some economic indicators are discussed below. Then Bhutan is in the second position. Besides this, all countries GDP is growing but Maldives has very low. As it is already developed for many years. But male and female ratio is very high. A limited number of female are employed in this region.